Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) of sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.): Effect of solvent concentration and kinetic studies

Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) is a plant that contains many phytochemical constituents such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal and antiacne have functional activities. woods several phenolic compounds brazilin, xanthone, flavones coumarin. In order to extract the compounds, Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) considered green technology gives better quality products with higher extraction rate, shorter time less energy. The research investigated effect of different ethanol concentrations on wood’s yield studied kinetic its process. was extracted using type UAE probe 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% 90% (v/v). For analyzed yield, Total Phenolic Content (TPC), antioxidant activity, Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectroscopy lees morphology. study refers Peleg’s model conducted for temperatures 40 °C, 50 °C 60 °C. results showed increase concentration increased until decreased when than 80%. While TPC slowly decreased, increased. Comparing sohxlet methods, gave in (10.33% 20 min) Soxhlet method (9.67% 180 min). All extracts were categorized high material since IC50 points lower ppm. FTIR did not change group extract, while Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) pictures more obvious cracked deep holes UAE’s Soxhlet’s lees. suitable describe kinetics R2 0.93. Regarding both TPC, mixture ethanol-water 60% (v/v) could be optimum solvent 2.63 mg GAE/g) wood.